Peter dillon



' No. 62!,298. Patented Mar. l4, I899.

P. DILLON. REFINING ENGINE.

A umi n red Jan. 24, 1898.)

(No Modl.)

HOYO-UTHD, wAsnmsYumm &

THE Nonms PETERS co. P

PETER DILLON, OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HENRY 0. KING, OF SAME PLACE.

REFlNlNG-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 621,298, dated March 14, 1899.

Application filed Jan ary WM 1898- Serial No. 667,691. (No model.)

T0 on whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER DILLON, of Lawrence, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Refining-Engines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention is an improvement in engines used for refining the paper stock or stufi in passing through apaper-makin g machine and has a twofold object in viewviz., to prevent the blades or bars and lining from being accidentally destroyed by the passage therethrough of a hard substance-such as a bolt, nut, or nailand also to prevent the working loose or out of place of the bars and filling of the plug or rotary part of the engine. In apparatus of this kind one most serious difficulty encountered is the liability of the bars and filling to become loosened from their proper positions and thereby cause disastrous injury to the machine, it being understood that enormous quantities, amounting to many tons per day, of stuff are run through an engine and at considerable pressure and also that the engine is driven at a high speed, so that there is a complexity of strains besides the centrifugal action, which all combine to dislodge the bars and filling-blocks of the plug. Accordingly I have devised the means hereinafter more fully explained, whereby each bar is held in a vise-like grip at a plurality of points throughout its length, so that it is impossible for it to have radial move ment without actually tearing out the solid metal composing it, and the wooden fillingblocks between these bars are held in by an automatic clenching at their inner edges against the adjacent bars. By this provision it is absolutely impossible for my improved engine to become disrupted by radial movement of its component parts.

The details of'my invention will be fully explained in the following description, and the invention itself will be more particularly defined in the claims.

In the accompanyingdrawings, illustrative of a preferred embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of a refining-engine of a usual type having the improvements constituting my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is afragmentary cross-section on' the line 2, Fig. 1. Fig. ,3 is a transverse vertical section on the line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. at is a perspective detail of the rim of one of the retaining heads or spiders. Fig. 5 is a perspective detail of the right-hand end spider, showing the means of securing the bars therein. Fig. 6 is an enlarged View of the plug, looking toward the left. Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail showing the manner of securing the filling between the bars. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of one of the bars.

The general details of the engine maybe and are of usual construction, comprising a bed A, provided with stands (1., on which are mounted a shaft a, means a for longitudinally adjusting said shaft and its supported parts, a shell or casing a in the heads of which the shaft is journaled and having an outlet (1. at one end and an inlet at a at its other end, and a driving-pulley a, mounted on the shaft a.

In passing the tons of macerated matter constituting the paper-stud through the paper-making machine, of which the hereindescribed engine forms one part, it is not of infrequent occurrence that nails, bolts, 'nuts, or other pieces of iron or unyielding substances are dislodged from the machine or dropped thereinto and carried along with the flow of stuff, causing irreparable damage when they come to the engine, being caught between the revolving plug B and the lining a of the shell a thereby grinding and dismembering the parts thereof. With a view to obviating this disaster a settling-recess has heretofore been constructed beneath the forward or small end of the plug approximately at the point marked 00, Fig. 1; but in practice the stuff fills up this recess and becomes solidly packed therein by the rotating blades of the plug B, which in a veryshort time pack in the stuif and grind off the top surface thereof even with the blades, so that the mass of indurated stuff thus gathered in the recess becomes practically integral with the lining of the engine-shell a so that the machine has been practically without any means for catching thestray nuts, &c.,- mentioned. Accordingly I have offset the inlet a as shown,

and have provided a chamber a having a trap a" and containing a centrally-arranged outlet a projecting upwardly within the dome a of the trap and preferably having an outwardly-flared mouth a as clearly shown in Fig. 1, so that as the [low of stuff from the inlet a enters the chamber (0 it forms an eddy therein and the heavy foreign substances which it is desired to step are caused to settle and remain at the bottom of the chamber,while the more liquid and lighter stutl rises to the dome a of the trap and flows out through the outlet e to the neck (0 of the engine. A manhole-cover a is preferably provided for inspection of the settling-chamber and a removable cap a closes an opening near the bottom of the chamber, through which the latter may be cleaned out. Also as a further precaution I prefer to form in the neck (L13 of the engine a sand-box a in which such lighter foreign matter as may flow over the mouth (612 may be caught, this sand-box (616 being entirely out of the influ ence of the plug B and therefore not subject to become packed and rendered inoperative by the rotation of said plug. A cap a is preferably provided at each side of the said box in order that the latter and the adjacent parts of the engine may be readily cleaned.

Referring now more particularly to the plug and the detailed views thereof in Figs. 2 to 8 it will be observed that I have spaced apart on the shaft a a plurality of heads I) b 11 herein shown for convenience of illustration as five in number. Each of these heads or spiders is milled on its periphery or otherwise provided with a plurality of radial kerfs or notches 12 as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4 to 6, uniformly spaced apart transversely of the rim or periphery of the respective heads to snugly contain the bars I)", not only formingsolid integral seats for the latter, but git"- ingthem lateralbracil'igsupport. Theheads Z) are also bored at their forward sides to provide enlargements or pockets b at the bottoms of the notches 11 these pockets extending only part way through the web of the heads, as is clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4:. Viewing Fig. 8, it'will be observed that I provide on the bar b bosses or enlargements b, which may be formed thereon by rolling the bar in its original manufacture, or they may be forged thereupon, or otherwise, as desired. These bosses b are formed of the same size as the pockets 1), so that when the bars are properly seated in the notches b of the respective heads each bar is immovably secured in the head simply by driving it endwise from the left hand toward the right,viewing Fig. 1, therebydriving the enlargements b snugly into the pockets l), as is clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The head I) isprovided at its rear peripheral edge with an annular groove or recess in which is shrunk a ring if, (shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 5,) and each bar b is provided at its rear end with a notch b so that as the bars are driven home, seating their bosses I) in the pockets U, the notches 11 thereof simultaneously engage the ring if and are thereby rigidly locked at the rear end of the plug. At the forward end of the plug 13 the head I) is provided at its forward peripheral edge with an annular recess similar to that provided at the rear edge of the head b and each bar is cut down from its outer edge at its forward end to provide a shoulder b the bottom thereof being oblique to the inner edge of the bars, as clearly shown in Fig. 8, so that when the bars have all been properly placed and driven home, as stated, a ring 1) is shrunk onto the forward end thereof, tightly fitting the peripheral recess in the head I), and thereby engaging the shoulders I)" and clamping all the bars I) permanently in place.

From the above description it is evident that it is absolutely impossible that the bars should become radially dislodged in the operation of the machine without actually tearing out the solid metal of the bars. Various other expedients have been devised for accomplishing this object; but so far as I am aware none of them have proved effectual, and indeed they have served rather to weaken the bars and render them less capable of resisting the enormous strains to which they are necessarily subjected.

As is well known, it is deemed necessary in this style of apparatus to place filling blocks or timbers between the bars 11 and there has been heretofore serious diliicult-y in so securing these timbers that they would not work loose, especially when they should become swelled by the continuous presence of the moist stuff flowing through the engine, it having been heretofore almost impossible to secure the timbers so that they would remain in place for any length of time. The serious consequences of this uncertain securing of the timbers will be plainly evident when it is borne in mind that these engines are driven at considerable speed and with enormous power, so that when a timber becomes dislodged it is simply ground to pieces and wedged between the plug and the shell of the engine, necessarily causing mutual disaster thereto. However, I have entirely overcome this serious difficulty simply by making the timbers b deeper than usual, as is clearly shown in Fig.7, and driving them in so tightly that the fiber thereof has been slightly compressed between the bars, therebycausin g the lower part, as soon as driven beyond the inner edges of the bars, to expand, forming lateral ridges or swells thereon, as is shown in full lines, Fig. 7, the inner dotted lines ofsaid figure indicating the normal position of the wood if it had not been permitted to expand. It will be understood also that by projecting the timbers behind the bars they are also capable of receiving other or additional clenching or securing means aside from the swell of the wood. Another extremely valuable effect which it is my object to take advantage of in this feature of myinvention is the further expansion of the wood as soon as it becomes soaked with the liquid stuff. The projecting portion 19 of the Wood, being free to swell, then expands into the position shown by the outer dotted lines Z2 Fig. 7, andthereby absolutely clenches the filling-timber beneath the bars beyond the possibility of removal.

I do not deem it necessary herein to explain the construction of the lining a of the engine, and I have omitted to illustrate the details thereof, inasmuch as my invention does notrelate thereto, although it is obvious that the bars of the lining could be secured in the same manner as the bars of the plug, if desired, this being unnecessary, however, inasmuch as the lining has no tendency to work loose.

In operation the stuff is delivered in usual manner at the inlet (F, the stud thence passing through the engine, where it is refined, and thence out at the outlet to the stuffchest or machine-chest, whence it is delivered to the wire, and so on through the machine in usual manner. As the stuff flows into the settling-chamber a all heavy materialsuch as nails, coarse sand, heavy buttons, &c.'are automatically removed from the pulp or stuff, being gathered by gravity in the bottom of the chamber and also stopped in their fiow and precipitated by coming in contact with the flaring edges 64 of the pipe a and the stuff flows through the latter into the neck (0 such finer foreign matter-such as sand, &c.which would otherwise speck and spot the paper, being caught by the sandbox a as before explained. The stuff then flows through the engine, being refined in the usual manner by being drawn out and rubbed or ground down by the blades or bars 11 of the plug in cooperation with those of the shell or lining. As the plug is rapidly rotated in performing this office, the bars 13 are held against loosening or flying out by the en gagement of their bosses or enlargements '1')" with the pockets b of the steel heads and the lateral support of the notches 19 together with the engagement therewith of the retainingrings W 19 which all together serve to lock and retain the individual bars in vise-like fashion. Also the filling or timbers b are held in firmlyclenched position behind the bars, and instead of being more liable to work loose'as they become. swollen by the presence of the liquid stuff, as has heretofore been the case, they are thereby still more firmly and irremovably clenched and fastened by the free swelling of their projecting inner edges, as fully explained and clearly shown in Fig. 7.

While I have herein described the preferred construction of my invention in its various details, I wish it understood that I am not limited to these details, inasmuch as many changes therein may be made Without departing from the main features and the spirit and scope of my invention. Other forms of enlargements and interlocking of the bars with the spiders and means of locking the timbers behind the bars, as well as various changes in detail of the settling-chamber, may be resorted to within the terms of my invention, as hereinafter defined in the claims.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a paper-making machine, the combination witha refining-engine havinga rotary plug, of an inlet thereto for the paper-stuff, and a settling-chamber between said inlet and said engine, said settling-chamber containing means to divert the direct flow of the stuff to the engine and precipitate by gravity heavy foreign materials contained in the stuif, and a sand-box in the neck of the engine but out of range of the rotating plug thereof, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a refining-engine, of a vertical pipe a projecting from the inlet of the engine, a drum or enlarged chamber surrounding said pipe, and a stud-inlet pipe connected to said chamber at one side thereof below the upper end of said pipe, substantially as described.

3. In a plug of a paper-stuff-refining en* gine, a head having a plurality of radial notches cut transversely in its periphery, each notch having at its bottom an enlarged recess extending only partially through the head, in combination with the bars of the plug fitting in said notches and provided with enlargements for said recesses, substantially as described.

4. In a plug of a paper-stuff-refining engine, a head having a plurality of radial notches cut transversely in its periphery, in

combination-with the bars of the plug adapted to fit in said notches, said bars being cut down from their outer edges to provide shoulders at their inner edges adjacent one p'eripheral edge of said head, and a ring secured in clamping position about said head and on said shoulders, substantially as described.

.5. In a plug of a paper-stufi-refining en-- gine, a head having a plurality'of radial notches cut transversely in its periphery, in combination with the bars of the plug adapt ed to fit in said notches, said bars being cut down from their outer edges to provide shoulders at their inner edges adjacent one peripheral edge of said head, said shoulders extending from their outer ends obliquely toward the inner edges of said bars, and a ring tightly secured about said head, and resting in clamping engagement on said shoulders, substantially as described.

6. A plug for a paper-stuff-refining engine, comprising a plurality of longitudinal bars and a plurality of supporting-heads therefor spaced apart and each provided with transverse peripheral notches having a width corresponding to said bars, the intermediate heads being bored out at the bottoms of their notches only part way through and 011 the forward sides thereof, and the bars having bosses or enlargements to fit said bored-out portions, the rear end head having a peripheral ring secured thereon across the open side of its notches, and the rear ends of the bars being notched to engage and be held by said ring, the forward ends of said bars being cut away to provide shoulders, and a ring secured peripherally on the forward end engaging said shoulders, and serving to lock said bars in place with the enlargements thereof in the bored-out portions of the intermediate heads, and the end notches thereof in engagement with the said rear ring, substantially as described.

7. In a plug for a" paper-stuff-refining engine, a plurality of longitudinal bars held rigidly spaced apart radially on the plug, and

PETER DILLON.

\Vitnessest GEo. H. MAXWELL, Guo. W. GREGORY. 

